Form Constancy

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Form Constancy refers to the ability to recognize and label objects even when they are viewed from a different angle or in a different environment.

A simple example would be that you can recognize that a dog is a dog whether you see it in a photo, in your garden or in the park, and whether it is sitting, lying down or running.

Labeling the object correctly means that this skill has both a visual perceptual demand as well as a verbal demand.

There is a difference between this and form perception.

Form Perception is more of a "gestalt" term used by psychologists and artists and refers to our ability to see objects, and to perceive their characteristics (such as rounded and straight edges).


How Does Poor Form Constancy Affect Kids?

Kids who struggle with form constancy may not recognize shapes, numbers and letters

  • when the color, size or font changes,
  • or when they are presented in a different context (for example when they see them in the playground instead of in the classroom).

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These visual perception activities are intended to encourage your child's normal visual perceptual development.
If you suspect your child has visual perceptual delays, please seek a professional opinion.

Reinforce Shape Constancy

First make sure your child understands what makes a shape special (eg a circle is round; a triangle has 3 corners). For very young children, introduce just one shape at a time - conventional wisdom says one shape a week!

Tactile Perception Activity

Try a tactile perception activity and ask your child to identify the shape that he/she can feel inside a feely bag.

Objects In The Home

Ask your child to point out the different objects in your home that are a specific shape (eg a clock may be a circle, a table may be a rectangle).

This child has identified 2 rectangles on the wall.

Objects On A Tray

If your child finds it too hard to recognize forms in a busy room, place some household items on a tray and ask your child to pick out specific shapes.

This tray has some triangles and ovals.

Use Picture Books

Use picture books and ask your child to find the different shapes in the picture. 

You can ask questions like: “show me the circles in this picture” or
“what shape is the tabletop?”

Use a Shopping Catalog

Use a shopping catalog or magazine, and ask your child to point out objects that are a specific shape.

You could then cut them for your child to paste into a shape notebook. (Older kids can practice their cutting skills and do this for a younger sibling!)

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Reinforce Number and Letter Constancy

"Out and About" I Spy

Take a walk through town or your neighborhood and let your child spot the current number or letter that you are studying.

"In The Pantry" I Spy

Let your child raid your pantry, and find the current number or letter on the packaging.

"Different Fonts" I Spy

Let your child look for specific numbers or letters in magazines, catalogs, on your calendar and so on.

Let your child cut them out and paste them into a notebook, or you could cut them out for your younger child if this is too demanding.

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Worksheets for Form Constancy

Some worksheets require the child to find objects that are the same even though viewed from a different perspective.


Some worksheets require the child to identify all the objects that are a particular shape (eg clocks and wheels are circles; picture frames and books are rectangles), or to find all the specific shapes on the page.

The form constancy worksheets displayed here that my child colored in, came from Visual Perceptual Games and Activities, which is a reproducible, downloadable workbook.

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Additional Resources To Develop Your Preschooler's Visual Perceptual Skills

Therapy Products for Preschool Visual Perception
Preschool Visual Perception Printables

Toddler and Preschool Shape Games from Amazon

I link to some products on Amazon and PFOT for your convenience. These are affiliate links and I receive a small commission if you purchase a product through my links. However, you are under no obligation to purchase anything!


I trust you found these suggestions helpful!

Please read my page on Visual Perceptual Skills if you need more information about why these skills are so important for kids.

Thank you for visiting my site!

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